Why it happens
- The merchant’s fraud or dispute ratio crossed a Visa monitoring threshold.
- A wave of fraud, such as card testing, hit the merchant’s checkout.
Visa10.5Fraud
Visa Monitoring Programs
Visa itself has flagged the transaction through one of its monitoring programs (formerly named the Visa Fraud Monitoring Program), because the merchant’s fraud levels were too high. It does not start from a cardholder claim, and the merchant has very limited rights to respond.
What to send to fight it
- Proof the same transaction was already disputed under another condition and resolved in the merchant’s favor.
- Proof a refund or reversal was already processed for the transaction.
- Proof the transaction was not among those identified by the program, provided by the acquirer.
How to prevent it
- Keep fraud low: use 3-D Secure, velocity limits and fraud screening.
- Block card testing at checkout with rate limits and bot protection.
- Track your fraud and dispute ratios every month and act before they reach a threshold.
Summaries written by NoChurn from the networks’ public rules and processor documentation. Networks update their rules and deadlines depend on your processor: check its documentation before you respond.
Other Visa codes
- 10.1EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud
- 10.2EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud
- 10.3Other Fraud – Card-Present Environment
- 10.4Other Fraud – Card-Absent Environment
- 11.2Declined Authorization
- 11.3No Authorization/Late Presentment
- 12.2Incorrect Transaction Code
- 12.3Incorrect Currency
- 12.4Incorrect Account Number
- 12.5Incorrect Amount
- 12.6.1Duplicate Processing
- 12.6.2Paid by Other Means
- 12.7Invalid Data
- 13.1Merchandise/Services Not Received
- 13.2Cancelled Recurring Transaction
- 13.3Not as Described or Defective Merchandise/Services
- 13.4Counterfeit Merchandise
- 13.5Misrepresentation
- 13.6Credit Not Processed
- 13.7Cancelled Merchandise/Services
- 13.8Original Credit Transaction Not Accepted
- 13.9Non-Receipt of Cash or Load Transaction Value
Sources (3)
- Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules (24 October 2026) · checked 2026-11-09
- Visa Dispute Management Guide for Merchants · checked 2026-11-09
- Visa, Evolution of Compelling Evidence: FAQs (October 2022) · checked 2026-11-09
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