Why it happens
- The terminal accepted the card without asking for a PIN.
- A lost or stolen card was used at a terminal that does not support PIN.
- The chip was bypassed and the stripe was used instead.
Visa10.2Fraud
EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud
The cardholder says a lost, stolen or never-received chip-and-PIN card was used without permission in person. The merchant is liable because its terminal could not verify the PIN, or the card was not read with the chip.
What to send to fight it
- Terminal records showing the chip was read and the PIN was verified.
- Proof the terminal supported PIN entry at the time of the sale.
- The authorization record showing how the card data was entered.
- Proof a refund or reversal was already processed.
How to prevent it
- Use terminals that read chips and support PIN entry.
- Do not override a PIN prompt or force a stripe read on a chip card.
Summaries written by NoChurn from the networks’ public rules and processor documentation. Networks update their rules and deadlines depend on your processor: check its documentation before you respond.
Other Visa codes
- 10.1EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud
- 10.3Other Fraud – Card-Present Environment
- 10.4Other Fraud – Card-Absent Environment
- 10.5Visa Monitoring Programs
- 11.2Declined Authorization
- 11.3No Authorization/Late Presentment
- 12.2Incorrect Transaction Code
- 12.3Incorrect Currency
- 12.4Incorrect Account Number
- 12.5Incorrect Amount
- 12.6.1Duplicate Processing
- 12.6.2Paid by Other Means
- 12.7Invalid Data
- 13.1Merchandise/Services Not Received
- 13.2Cancelled Recurring Transaction
- 13.3Not as Described or Defective Merchandise/Services
- 13.4Counterfeit Merchandise
- 13.5Misrepresentation
- 13.6Credit Not Processed
- 13.7Cancelled Merchandise/Services
- 13.8Original Credit Transaction Not Accepted
- 13.9Non-Receipt of Cash or Load Transaction Value
Sources (3)
- Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules (24 October 2026) · checked 2026-11-09
- Visa Dispute Management Guide for Merchants · checked 2026-11-09
- Visa, Evolution of Compelling Evidence: FAQs (October 2022) · checked 2026-11-09
Read https://www.nochurn.sh/llms.txt,
then follow https://www.nochurn.sh/docs/quickstart/
to add NoChurn to this app. Use a test key
(nc_test_…) until I say we go live.
Stop leaking revenue.
- Free until $300 MRR
- No card needed
- Live in 10 minutes
- Never a cut of what we recover