Why it happens
- A refund was entered as a sale by mistake.
- A payment was sent as a credit instead of a debit.
Visa12.2Processing error
Incorrect Transaction Code
The transaction was sent with the wrong transaction type, for example a refund processed as a charge, or a charge processed as a refund.
What to send to fight it
- The transaction record showing the correct transaction type was used.
- Proof a correcting transaction or refund was already processed.
- The receipt or invoice that matches the transaction type.
How to prevent it
- Check the transaction type before submitting refunds and adjustments.
- Limit who can issue manual refunds and credits.
Summaries written by NoChurn from the networks’ public rules and processor documentation. Networks update their rules and deadlines depend on your processor: check its documentation before you respond.
Other Visa codes
- 10.1EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud
- 10.2EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud
- 10.3Other Fraud – Card-Present Environment
- 10.4Other Fraud – Card-Absent Environment
- 10.5Visa Monitoring Programs
- 11.2Declined Authorization
- 11.3No Authorization/Late Presentment
- 12.3Incorrect Currency
- 12.4Incorrect Account Number
- 12.5Incorrect Amount
- 12.6.1Duplicate Processing
- 12.6.2Paid by Other Means
- 12.7Invalid Data
- 13.1Merchandise/Services Not Received
- 13.2Cancelled Recurring Transaction
- 13.3Not as Described or Defective Merchandise/Services
- 13.4Counterfeit Merchandise
- 13.5Misrepresentation
- 13.6Credit Not Processed
- 13.7Cancelled Merchandise/Services
- 13.8Original Credit Transaction Not Accepted
- 13.9Non-Receipt of Cash or Load Transaction Value
Sources (3)
- Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules (24 October 2026) · checked 2026-11-09
- Visa Dispute Management Guide for Merchants · checked 2026-11-09
- Visa, Evolution of Compelling Evidence: FAQs (October 2022) · checked 2026-11-09
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